What is periodontitis and how is it treated?

Periodontitis or pyorrhea is a periodontal disease that, despite its seriousness, is not always given enough attention. This is usually due to the fact that, in its early stages, the symptoms are not painful, only a slight bleeding is detected when brushing the teeth. Thus, many people do not give it importance until the disease progresses.

In fact, an epidemiological study carried out at European level – the largest study carried out to date on this subject – has revealed that in Spain more than half of the working population has gingivitis, and almost 40% has periodontitis.

Since periodontitis develops from improperly treated or untreated gingivitis, we can say that the early stages of periodontal disease are neglected. Furthermore, the study concludes that periodontal disease outcomes in adults between 35 and 45 years of age are worse than those published in previous studies.

Causes and symptoms of periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the tissues around the tooth. If the inflammation is superficial, it is known as gingivitis, and it usually manifests as a slight bleeding of the gums. If the disease progresses, it becomes a deeper infection of the gum, which recedes and detaches from the tooth. Periodontal pockets also form, where tartar and plaque accumulate below the gum line. This is considered an advanced stage of the disease where bone loss and eventually tooth loss occurs if not treated properly.

 

 

 

The origin of periodontal disease is multifactorial, where the type of bacteria found in the oral flora mark the evolution of the disease, and it is considered to be individual for each person. But it is not enough with the presence of these bacteria, there must be one or more of the following factors, which cause or aggravate the problem:

• Incorrect or insufficient dental cleaning.
• Malposition of the teeth, which makes cleaning difficult.
• The person is a regular smoker.
• Incorrect eating habits.
• Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy.
• Certain diseases, such as diabetes, that lower our defenses.
• Some medications can alter the oral flora.
• Stress or anxiety on a regular basis, which also alters our defenses.
• Genetic tendency to suffer from periodontal disease.

A recent study on one of these factors demonstrates the negative effect of continuous states of stress and anxiety on periodontal health.

To diagnose periodontitis, it is best to see a professional. But here are the most common symptoms that can alert you:

• Red and swollen gums.
• Bleeding gums, especially when brushing or chewing.
• Retraction of the gums, which make the tooth look bigger.
• Discomfort or pain in the gums when chewing.
• Permanent bad breath.
• Dental sensitivity, especially to cold.
• One or more teeth move.

Treatment of periodontitis

The treatment of periodontitis should be carried out by a professional, home care will not be enough, and will depend on the stage of the disease.

For example, if it is at an early stage, a deep cleaning, including scaling and removal of periodontal pockets, may be sufficient.

In addition, we may need antibiotics to treat the infection, and our dentist will advise us if a chlorhexidine mouthwash or the use of interdental brushes at home is necessary for maintenance. We may also recommend probiotics to aid in the creation of new biofilm.

At Ahoa we carry out a detailed periodontal analysis to detect the factors that cause or aggravate periodontitis in each person, in order to better prevent the onset or progression of the disease. Sometimes it can even be very useful to include a microbiological analysis. In any case, periodontal diseases are considered chronic and with a clear tendency to reappear if there is no continuous control of risk factors, so it will be very important to follow the prevention guidelines given by our trusted professional.

Ask us if you have any questions! Our team of specialists will help you in all phases of the treatment.